Harry Brighouse is asking folks to gibve him two Books Every Educated Person Should Read, and of course no one limited themselves to just two.
Anyway, I thought I'd post the three books I suggested
If second copyrights count, I’d suggest “How To Solve It” by George Polya. If second copyrights don’t count, I’d suggest changing the criterion.“Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid” by Douglas Hofstader(sp? I’m not getting up to look);
“What’s The Name Of This Book” by Raymond Smullyan, which I doubt anyone has heard of. It’s a series of original logic puzzles that start with the classic “island of knights and knaves” form and escalates such that you have to apply theorems from boolean algbra to solve them. In one of his books he takes you all the way to Godel’s incompleteness theorem. In another he lost me entirely in the middle of combinatory logic. I’m recommending the one I understood.