New Technique Can Help Dyslexic Kids Read Better
By Steven Reinberg
HealthDay Reporter
THURSDAY, Feb. 12 (HealthDayNews) -- Specialized training can reorganize the brains of dyslexic children and help them read better, researchers report.
"The idea is to really understand nature-nurture interaction; how the brain influences learning, but also how instruction influences the brain," says Virginia Berninger, a professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington's Center on Human Development and Disability.
Berninger is one of three dyslexia experts from the University of Washington scheduled to present their findings Feb. 13 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Seattle.
Dyslexia is the term used to describe people who have difficulty spelling, writing and reading. Dyslexia is a so-called "neuro-behavioral" disorder that is genetically based. It's not a disease, Berninger says, adding that dyslexics are often gifted and creative.
Approximately 2 million U.S. school children are dyslexic, according to the Educational Resources Information Center.
Berninger says reading is a complex activity involving different parts of the brain. Each word has three "forms" -- how it sounds, how it's spelled and what it means. And each of these forms is processed in a different part of the brain, she says.
Berninger developed methods to teach each of these word forms to elementary school children with dyslexia. The hypothesis is that you have to train for all three forms of the word to help teach a child to read.
Educators debate whether it's more effective to teach reading using phonics, or by emphasizing meaning, Berninger says. However, she found the brain is sensitive to the interrelationship between both sound and meaning.
Dyslexic children could learn to read when instruction made them aware of word forms and their interrelationship, Berninger says.
Before the instruction, tests showed measurable differences in brain activity between children with dyslexia and those without the disorder, the Washington researchers say.
"We did MRI scans on 10 dyslexic and 11 non-dyslexic children," says co-researcher Elizabeth Aylward, a professor of radiology at the Center on Human Development and Disability. The children were in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades.
Aylward says there were differences in the activation of specific brain regions between the two groups of children when they were asked to perform a specific word task during the MRI.
After three weeks of specialized training, however, the dyslexic children showed brain activation patterns similar to the normal children during a second MRI. They also improved on reading tests, Aylward says.
"This shows that what the brain is looking for is to create interrelationships between sound and meaning," Berninger says.
"This also shows that you can get kids to improve their reading using the same brain pathways as normal readers," Aylward adds. "Even though dyslexia is a genetically based disorder, there is still enough plasticity in the brain that it can be jump-started."
Says Berninger: "I haven't cured them, but I have shown that they are teachable. These kids are ready to learn when they go back to school, but unfortunately the instructional practices aren't in place in the schools to support this jump-start."
Posted by P6 at February 14, 2004 03:03 PM
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Comments
I used to work for a non-profit teacher training organization that helped teachers work with kids who have dyslexia. The methods mentioned in this article sound similar to the ones my organization was teaching. Link.
Posted by Al-Muhajabah at February 15, 2004 01:37 AM