Quo victoris?

by Prometheus 6
November 19, 2003 - 7:59am.
on News

This is something you need to think about.

1119NAFTA .gif

Look at the job growth figures for Mexico. Consider the quotes from today's NY Times:

…Though sorting out the exact causes is complicated, trends are clear. Real wages in Mexico are lower now than they were when the agreement was adopted despite higher productivity, income inequality is greater there and immigration has continued to soar.

"On balance, Nafta's been rough for rural Mexicans," said John J. Audley, who edited the report. "For the country, it's probably a wash. It takes more than just trade liberalization to improve the quality of life for poor people around the world."

The Carnegie findings strike a much more pessimistic note than those of a World Bank team that concluded in a draft report this year that the trade accord "has brought significant economic and social benefits to the Mexican economy."

The bank's economists argue that Mexico would have been worse off without the agreement as the country struggled to recover from a deep financial crisis in the mid-1990's and that the income gap between Mexico and the United States is smaller than it would have been otherwise.

Luis Servén, research manager for Latin America at the bank, said in an interview that he disagreed with the Carnegie report's contention that the trade agreement had hurt small subsistence farmers. He also said that the higher productivity Mexico had achieved in the Nafta years was ultimately the only route to higher wages there.

Well. We see how effectively higher productivity has increased the wages of the average American worker. Not to mention their job security.

That's not what they said? Oh.

Okay, since Mexico hasn't benefitted from NAFTA and the American people haven't benefitted from NAFTA, I'd like to know who has. Actually, since it's only rational to assume its proponents benefitted, what I want is a real accounting of the benefits and the distribution thereof.

I think I can figure it out if I ignore the descriptions being offered and consider the results.Report Finds Few Benefits for Mexico in Nafta
By CELIA W. DUGGER

As the North American Free Trade Agreement nears its 10th anniversary, a study from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace concludes that the pact failed to generate substantial job growth in Mexico, hurt hundreds of thousands of subsistence farmers there and had "minuscule" net effects on jobs in the United States.

The Carnegie Endowment, an independent, Washington-based research institute, issued its report on Tuesday to coincide with new trade negotiations aimed at the adoption of a Nafta-like pact for the entire Western Hemisphere. Trade ministers from 34 countries in the Americas are gathering now in Miami.

The report seeks to debunk both the fears of American labor that Nafta would lure large numbers of jobs to low-wage Mexico, as well as the hopes of the trade deal's proponents that it would lead to rising wages, as well as declines in income inequality and illegal immigration.

Though sorting out the exact causes is complicated, trends are clear. Real wages in Mexico are lower now than they were when the agreement was adopted despite higher productivity, income inequality is greater there and immigration has continued to soar.

"On balance, Nafta's been rough for rural Mexicans," said John J. Audley, who edited the report. "For the country, it's probably a wash. It takes more than just trade liberalization to improve the quality of life for poor people around the world."

The Carnegie findings strike a much more pessimistic note than those of a World Bank team that concluded in a draft report this year that the trade accord "has brought significant economic and social benefits to the Mexican economy."

The bank's economists argue that Mexico would have been worse off without the agreement as the country struggled to recover from a deep financial crisis in the mid-1990's and that the income gap between Mexico and the United States is smaller than it would have been otherwise.

Luis Servén, research manager for Latin America at the bank, said in an interview that he disagreed with the Carnegie report's contention that the trade agreement had hurt small subsistence farmers. He also said that the higher productivity Mexico had achieved in the Nafta years was ultimately the only route to higher wages there.

The intensity of the debate about the agreement's consequences is likely to grow with the approach of the pact's 10th anniversary in January as pro- and antiglobalization forces marshal arguments to influence negotiations for a Free Trade Area of the Americas and for a new bilateral trade deal between the United States and Central America.

Carnegie's policy experts stop short of contending that Mexico would have been better off without the agreement. "Mexico would have been better off with a better Nafta," said Sandra Polaski, a senior associate at Carnegie who was director of economic research at the Nafta labor secretariat from 1996 to 1999.

The authors of the report say developing countries have much to learn from Mexico's mistakes in the Nafta deal.

Trade negotiators for Central and South American countries, they said, should bargain for more gradual tariff reductions on corn, rice and beans — the staples of subsistence farming — to give peasants time to adjust to tough competition from large, highly efficient and heavily subsidized American farmers.

Carnegie's researchers also say developing countries should push international donors and rich countries to finance transitional assistance for the retraining of workers and farmers displaced by global competition.

Developing countries should also seek greater leeway to promote the use of domestic suppliers in manufacturing over imported components — a step that would increase job creation, the authors say.

The Carnegie report argues that the growth in manufacturing resulting from the trade agreement was largely offset by lost employment among rural subsistence farmers, who were adversely affected by falling prices for their crops, especially corn — a problem intensified by the Mexican government's decision to lower tariff barriers to American-grown corn even more rapidly than the agreement required.

"This is a trade pact which opened the U.S. economy to Mexico very profoundly, including years when the United States experienced its best growth in decades," Ms. Polaski said. "Yet we can't see a clear net increase in jobs in Mexico. You'd expect strong growth. You wouldn't have expected to need a magnifying glass to find it."

The trade agreement also reinforced and magnified changes in Mexico's rural economy — brought on by a broad array of other policies — that are damaging the environment, according to Scott Vaughan, an economist who recently left Carnegie to head the environmental unit at the Organization of American States. For example, he contends that the agreement has accelerated the shift to large-scale, export-oriented farms that rely more heavily on water-polluting agro-chemicals and use more irrigated water compared with producers of similar crops for the Mexican market.

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Submitted by James R MacLean (not verified) on November 19, 2003 - 6:05pm.

I read about this report also and I'm still trying to make up my mind. One thing has to be noticed, though: the alternative (i.e., if we withdrew from NAFTA) would be bilateral trade agreements. NAFTA hasn't done anything about capital flows and developmental planning by the one 3rd World member, but for a bilateral agreement--this would defy the laws of physics.The other thing is the post hoc, ergo propter hoc assumption a lot of people posting about this agreement made. Many of NAFTA's provisions were phased in slowly. But the currency crisis and ex-Pres. Salinas' flight took place almost IMMEDIATELY after 1993 (when the second period began). So the annualized average in manufacturing and farming reflects a depression that hit Mexico, too. This might be connected to NAFTA, but I suspect not since the structural changes to the Mexican economy were, from the point of view of the financial markets, not radical. (Here is a good summary of the chronology of the tesebonos crisis of 1994. Mexico was whacked again in '98.) The same is true for the WTO. I suspect most of the "anti-globalization" protesters object to are secular trends that the WTO has done nothing to stop. Abolishing the WTO would, IMO, intensify and accelerate those trends.

Submitted by P6 (not verified) on November 20, 2003 - 6:09am.

I think a big part of this is the world-wide reduction in manufacturing jobs. That has nothing to do with globalization per se, you're right.

Submitted by nitecrawler (not verified) on November 20, 2003 - 10:20pm.

Trackback from nitecrawler:

From this article in the Washington Post: MIAMI -- Officers and hundreds of demonstrators clashed Thursday near the site of talks to create a free trade zone for North and South America. Police blanketed downtown, remembering trade-related riots in oth......

Submitted by dog of flanders (not verified) on November 21, 2003 - 4:12am.

> It takes more than just trade liberalization to improve the quality of life for poor people around the world.Well, duh. Rule of law, democracy and a middle class are also very important pieces of the puzzle. So are making decisions only benificial in the long term. If you nationalize assets of foreign investors, other investors may actually be dissuaded by that.